IMPORTANCE AND VARIOUS TOOTH BRUSHING TECHNIQUES

Many different types of toothbrushing methods are developed.The best methods are effective in removing plaque biofilm and debris, stimulate gingiva, and are able to deliver fluoridated dentrifice to the tooth surface . For adequacy in cleaning, 10 strokes are adviced for each area.

There are 6 tooth brushing methods :
(1)BASS METHOD
Importance
1) Most effective in cleaning cervical 1/3 & beneath gingival margins
2) Suitable for everyone – Periodontally healthy & periodontally disease
3) Periodontal maintenance
4) Cleanses sulcus (space between tooth and gums)

Direct bristles apically to sulcus at 45° to the long axis of the tooth. Use gentle force to insert bristles into sulcus.

Apply firm but gentle 10 back-and-forth strokes of vibratory motion without removing bristle ends from sulcus. Move brush head to the next group of teeth by overlapping with the completed area.

On the lingual surfaces of front teeth, brush is placed vertically and apply gentle vibratory motion of up-and-down strokes.On the chewing surface apply a motion of back-and-forth brushing strokes.

(2)STILLMAN’S METHOD
Importance
1) Provides gingival stimulation (vibratory motion)
2) Suitable for gingival recession (Toothbrush bristle ends not directed into sulcus)
3) Less traumatic to the gingiva
4) Who should use this?
People with continuous gingival recession

Direct bristles apically to sulcus at 45° to the long axis of the tooth .
Place bristles partly on the cervical part and on the gingiva.
Apply vibratory motion with slight pressure to stimulate gingiva.

Repeat for the lingual surface of the tooth

Use short back-and-forth strokes on the occlusal surfaces gently.
Place toothbrush perpendicular to the tooth surface.

(3) CHARTER’S METHOD
Importance
1) Efficiently cleans interproximal areas
2) Able to clean areas between fixed appliances (prosthetic and orthodontic) and gingival margins
3) Who should use this?
People with orthodontic and fixed prosthetic appliances
People who have just undergone periodontal surgery
(temporary cleaning of surgical wounds)

Place bristles horizontally and parallel to the arch at 45°at the gingival margin.
Direct bristles toward the crown of the tooth rather than the root.
Bristles are directed occlusally and vibrate into the interdental spaces.
Use short back-and-forth strokes for activation.
Repeat for other parts of the mouth until all areas are cleaned.

(4)MODIFIED BASS, CHARTER’S AND STILLMAN’S METHOD
Importance
1) Clean entire facial/buccal and lingual surfaces

A Bass or Stillman’s or Charter’s--Complete the original stroke to clean the cervical one-third

Roll toothbrush bristles to clean entire facial and lingual surfaces

(5)HORIZONTAL SCRUB
Importance

1) Most common method but has no benefits because it causes gingival recession

Move bristles horizontally using gentle scrubbing motions

(6)FONES’ (CIRCULAR)

Importance
1) An easy-to-learn first technique for young children

Teeth are held in occlusion.
Bristles are activated in a circular motion.

Sem 1 Dental Summative Questions

OBA
1. The second branchial arch is innervated by the facial nerve. Which of the following is NOT a muscle derivative of this arch?
(a) Stylohyoid
(b) Orbicularis oris
(c) Mentalis
(d) Mylohyoid
(e) Posterior belly of digastrics

2. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerve. The nerve that provides only sensory innervations is the
(a) Trochlear
(b) Trigeminal
(c) Glossopharyngeal
(d) Oculomotor
(e) Olfactory

3. Oblique facial cleft results from non-fusion of the :-
(a) Maxillary and medial nasal process
(b) Two mandibular process
(c) Maxillary and lateral nasal process
(d) Lowermost part of frontonasal process
(e) Both maxillary processes with the medial nasal process

4. The trigeminal nerve is divided into 3 main divisions. The ophthalmic division innervates all of the following, except :-
(a) Maxillary sinus
(b) Lacrimal gland
(c) Frontal sinus
(d) Nasal cavity
(e) Sclera of the eye

5. The mandibular nerve has both motor and sensory functions. It provides motor innervations to all of the following muscles, except :-
(a) Anterior belly of digastric
(b) Masseter
(c) Posterior belly of digastric
(d) Tensor tympani
(e) Temporalis

6. All of the following are branches of the mandibular nerve, except :-
(a) Lingual nerve
(b) Superior alveolar nerve
(c) Buccal nerve
(d) Inferior alveolar nerve
(e) Auriculartemporal nerve

7. The Maxillary artery is divided into 3 parts by the
(a) Infratemporal fossa
(b) Medial pterygoid muscle
(c) Maxillary nerve
(d) Lateral pterygoid muscle
(e) Masseter muscle

8. The pterygopalatine part of maxillary artery give rise to all the following branches, except :-
(a) Inferior alveolar
(b) Infraorbital
(c) Descending palatine
(d) Artery of the pterygoid canal
(e) Posterior superior alveolar

9. The retromandibular vein
(a) Joins posterior auricular vein to form internal jugular vein
(b) Lies on the internal surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle
(c) Is formed by the union of superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein
(d) Has an anterior branch that joins the deep facial vein

10. The pterygoid venous plexus
(a) Is associated with the medial pterygoid muscle
(b) Receives the Maxillary vein
(c) Communicates with facial vein through anterior facial vein
(d) Is able to transmit infections from the face and teeth to the cavernous sinus

11. The carotid sheath contains all of the following, except :-
(a) Internal jugular vein
(b) Internal carotid artery
(c) External carotid artery
(d) Vagus nerve
(e) Common carotid artery

12. Which of the following nerve provides sense of taste to the anterior two third of the tongue?
(a) Vagus nerve
(b) Glossopharyngeal nerve
(c) Lingual nerve
(d) Mandibular nerve
(e) Chorda tympani nerve

13. Below the temporal fossa lies the infratemporal fossa. All the following structures lies in the infratemporal fossa, except :-
(a) Pharyngeal venous plexus
(b) Pterygoid venous plexus
(c) Pterygoid muscles
(d) Mandibular nerve
(e) Maxillary artery

14. The muscle acting when a person “pouts” is the
(a) Orbicularis oris
(b) Risorius
(c) Buccinator
(d) Mentalis

15. Contraction of the following muscles closes the mouth.
I. Masseter
II. Lateral pterygoid
III. Temporalis
IV. Medial pterygoid

(a) I, II, III
(b) I.II.IV
(c) I.III, IV
(d) II,III,IV
(e) All of the above

16. Choose the correct statement regarding the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
(a) Accessory nerve provides sensory innervations to SCM
(b) Bilateral contraction brings the chin to the chest
(c) Unilateral contraction turns the face to ipsilateral side
(d) It divides the mandible into 2 triangles

17. Choose the correct statement regarding the muscles of the tongue
(a) The origin of genioglossus is below the geniohyoid muscle
(b) The palatoglossus is supplied by the Vagus and Accessory nerve
(c) The intrinsic muscles changes the position of the tongue
(d) Hyoglossus and palatoglossus pulls the tongue upward and backward

18. The parotid gland has all the following structures passing within it, except :
(a) Ariculotemporal nerve
(b) External carotid artery
(c) Facial nerve
(d) Retromandibular vein
(e) Internal jugular vein

19. Which of the following cranial nerve provides preganglionic parasympathetic fibers through the otic ganglion to the parotid gland?
(a) Trigeminal nerve
(b) Facial nerve
(c) Vagus nerve
(d) Glossopharyngeal nerve

20. Choose the correct statement from the following :
(a) Submandibular gland is the largest salivary gland.
(b) The parotid gland contains both serous and mucous acini.
(c) Some of the ducts of sublingual gland opens into the submandibular duct.
(d) Mylohyoid muscle divides the sublingual gland into superficial and deep part.

21. Which of the following nerves does not pass through the jugular foramen?
(a) Hypoglossal nerve
(b) Glossopharyngeal nerve
(c) Vagus nerve
(d) Accessory nerve

22. Which of the following has the most extensive distribution of all the cranial nerves?
(a) Facial nerve
(b) Vagus nerve
(c) Trigeminal nerve
(d) Hypoglossal nerve

23. Which of the following is the principle artery to the nasal cavity, supplying the conchae, meatus, and paranasal sinuses?
(a) Anterior tympanic
(b) Descending palatine artery
(c) Sphenopalatine artery
(d) Middle meningeal artery

24. Which branch of the external carotid artery listed below supplies the submandibular gland?
(a) Lingual artery
(b) Maxillary artery
(c) Ascending pharyngeal artery
(d) Facial artery

25. Which lobe of the cerebrum listed below is responsible for hearing?
(a) Frontal lobe
(b) Temporal lobe
(c) Occipital lobe
(d) Parietal lobe


26. All of the following statements concerning the buccinator muscle are true, except:
(a) It originates from the outer surface of the alveolar margins of the maxilla and mandible opposite the molar teeth and from the pterygomandibular raphe.
(b) It compresses the cheeks and lips against the teeth
(c) It is innervated by the buccal branch of the hypoglossal nerve
(d) It is pierced by the parotid duct
(e) It inserts at the orbicularus oris muscle and skin at the angle of the mouth

27. Which extrinsic tongue muscle listed below depresses the tongue
(a) Hyoglossus muscle
(b) Genioglossus muscle
(c) Styloglossus muscle
(d) Palatoglossus muscle

28. All of the following structures empty into the cavernous sinus, except:
(a) Superior ophthalmic vein
(b) Inferior ophthalmic vein
(c) The cerebral veins
(d) Maxillary artery

29. The common carotid artery divides into its external and internal branches at the level of the superior border of the
(a) Hyoid cartilage
(b) Thyroid cartilage
(c) Cricoid cartilage
(d) First cervical vertebra

30. Which of the following is not a branch of the external carotid artery?
(a) Occipital artery
(b) Ascending pharyngeal artery
(c) Maxillary artery
(d) Superficial temporal artery
(e) Anterior cerebral artery


Ans:
D E C A C
B D A C D
C E A D C
B B E D C
A B C D B
C A D B E

SAQ
1. (a) What structure lies immediately behind the soft palate? (1m)
Uvula

(b) What is the palate derived from? (4m)
Premaxilla/Primary palate from the frontonasal process
Palatal process/Secondary palate from the maxillary process


2. Mr. Chan had a mandibular posterior tooth extracted recently. Following the surgery he
experienced loss of sensation of the lower jaw.

(a) Which nerve is responsible for the loss of sensation in Mr. Chan’s condition? (2m)
Inferior alveolar nerve

(b) Briefly describe the course of the nerve. (4m)
It originates from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. It passes thtough the
mandibular foramen into the mandibular canal and exits the mental foramen as mental

nerve. Before entering the mandibular foramen, it branches off as the mylohyoid nerve.


(c) What structures does the nerve supply? (4m)
- lower teeth and gums
- lower lip and chin
- mylohyoid muscle
- anterior belly of the digastric muscle


3. Complete the following table


Ans : refer to pg. 244 of Netter’s. Besides muscle of mastication, try to remember the origins, insertion and function of all the muscles you have learnt. These are bonus marks!



All The Best!!

Midnight snacking damages the teeth, experts warn

By Michelle Roberts
Health reporter, BBC News

Eating food in the middle of the night can seriously damage your teeth, Danish experts have warned.

Researchers found midnight snacking ups the risk of tooth loss, regardless of the type of food eaten.

The University of Copenhagen team blamed changes in saliva flow - it tends to dry up at night.
Enough saliva is important to remove food debris from the mouth.

Night nibbles **Nocturnal eaters - meaning they consumed a quarter or more of their daily calories after dinner or would wake up in the middle of the night at least twice a week for a little moonlight snack.

The nocturnal eaters ended up losing more teeth, even after accounting for other factors such as age, smoking and sugar/carbohydrate consumption.

While dentists may not be able to stop their patients feasting in the middle of the night, Dr Jennifer Lundgren and colleagues say they should make them aware of the associated risks.

"Practitioners should be aware of the oral health implications of nocturnal eating, increase screening and oral health education efforts among nocturnal eaters and make treatment referrals when appropriate," they say.

Professor Damien Walmsley, scientific adviser to the British Dental Association, said: "Eating at night, when the mouth is driest and any food remains in the mouth longer, accentuates the impact of consuming sugary and acidic food and drinks. "

"To minimise damage, it is important to brush teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, with one of those brushes coming immediately before bedtime.

"Where possible, consume only water for at least an hour before the final brush of the day."

Toothbrushing May Stave Off Heart Woes

THURSDAY, May 27 (HealthDay News) -- Here's another reason to brush your teeth regularly:

People who don't perform this essential of oral hygiene seem to have a greater risk of heart disease compared to their more diligent peers.

"We were surprised to find a relationship between toothbrushing frequency and both cardiovascular disease and inflammatory markers in the blood," said Richard Watt, co-author of a study published this week in the BMJ.

The findings do make sense, however, in light of previous studies that have found a relationship between gum disease and heart disease. Periodontal disease has been associated with a 19 percent increase in the risk of heart disease. That number leaps to 44 percent in people under the age of 65, according to the study.

The most likely culprit is the inflammation associated with gum disease, which can go system-wide and contribute to plaque build-up in the arteries.

The study authors surveyed almost 12,000 people living in Scotland who admitted to how often they brushed their teeth.

Over an average eight years of follow-up, people who "rarely or never brushed" their teeth had a 70 percent increased risk of a heart attack, stroke or other event, compared to those who set to the task twice a day. The rarely/never brushers also had higher levels of C reactive protein, a marker of inflammation.

Overall, though, participants practiced good oral hygiene with almost two-thirds saying they went to the dentist every six months and almost three-quarters reporting brushing their teeth twice daily.

"We talk often about lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, exercise and diet, and one of the things we can't forget about when it comes to self-maintenance is oral hygiene," said Dr. Suzanne Steinbaum, a preventive cardiologist at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City and spokeswoman for the American Heart Association. "It's one new thing. Don't smoke, eat right and brush your teeth."

"It's nice to have one more reason to brush your teeth," added Dr. Harmony R. Reynolds, associate director of the Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center at NYU Langone Medical Center and assistant professor of medicine at New York University School of Medicine. "Over time, it reduces inflammation."

Sour Candy: Havoc for Healthy Teeth?

Sour candy may be stripping the protective surface from your teeth. Here's how to enjoy your favorite candies while saving your smile.



Pucker up with sour candy and you risk ruining your smile, says a new Minnesota Dental Association report on tooth enamel erosion. Treats like Sour Skittles, Lemonheads, and some flavored Altoids are high in acids that strip away teeth's protective surface. Dentist Robert J. Marolt offers this advice:

Rinse right away. Swishing water in your mouth after a candy helps wash away the acid.

Wait a half hour to brush. The acid of a sour candy softens the fragile surface of the teeth.
Brushing immediately after eating one could cause damage.

Skip fruit flavors. Lemon, grape, and cherry destroy more enamel than do cinnamon and mint, which are lower in acid.

Switch to sugar-free gum. It can satisfy your oral urge while stimulating saliva flow, which protects enamel.

From Reader's Digest - November 2008

Secrets From Your Dentist

Do you floss about as often as you flip your mattress? Do you spend more time putting toothpaste on your brush than actually cleaning your teeth? Dentists notice these things. And that's not all. They also know when you're asking for a procedure that's going to disappoint you and when insurance companies are stinting on the care your smile needs. We asked 22 dentists from across the country to tell us what they're really thinking as they peer at our teeth. What came out of their mouths will change the way you treat yours.

Some truly educated people think that if nothing in their mouth hurts, they're fine. High cholesterol doesn't hurt, either, but it's a big problem. I honestly think that the general population doesn't understand that their mouth is part of their body. -- Danine Fresch Gray, DDS, general dentist, Arlington, Virginia

If your hands bled when you washed them, you'd run to the doctor. But in the public's mind, bleeding gums are okay. Unless you're really whaling away with your brush, if your gums bleed even a little, that's periodontal disease, period. -- Ron Schefdore, DMD, general dentist, Chicago, Illinois

The advice to see your dentist twice a year applies only if you have healthy gums. Most people don't. -- Chris Kammer, DDS, cosmetic dentist, Middleton, Wisconsin

Many of my patients have periodontal disease affecting their back teeth, but their front teeth are fine. Evidently, they brush only what others see. -- Joel Slaven, DDS, general dentist, Valencia, California

Dentists often tell patients with advanced gum disease to floss more often. But flossing is useless at that point. Imagine trying to clean out the bottom of a shirt pocket with a piece of string tied to your fingers.-- Reid Winick, DDS, holistic dentist, New York, New York

People come to me with a mouthful of tooth decay and say, "I got my grandfather's soft teeth." I don't even know what soft teeth are. -- Bryan Tervo, DDS

When someone meets you for the first time, the first thing they notice is eyes. Second is teeth, and third is hair. But people spend way more money on their hair than their teeth. -- Damian Dachowski, DMD, general dentist, Horsham, Pennsylvania

Proper oral hygiene requires ten minutes of brushing and flossing every day. The average adult spends two or three minutes total, and kids do even worse. -- Joel Slaven, DDS

Oral Health Week 2010 Report

On the 21st and 22nd of April 2010, IMU School of Dentistry organized an Oral Health Week in conjunction with World Oral Health Month which was in April. This is the second year Oral Health Week was organized in IMU. The objective of this event was to convey important dental health knowledge to the IMU community. Also, it was a good opportunity for dentistry students to practice and improve their communication skills. The 2 day event was held in IMU atrium, Bukit Jalil campus. More than 400 students, lecturers and staff of IMU participated in this exciting event and the theme this year was “Your Mouth Matters! It is not a Hassle if you want to Dazzle.”

5 booths were set up in the atrium, each presenting a different dental topic, namely Oral Hygiene, Oral Pathology, Nutrition, Caries and Aesthetic. Students were to present their information to the participants. To encourage better understanding of knowledge among participants, every booth had interactive games with attractive prizes. In addition to that, participants who visited all 5 booths received goodie bags filled with many sponsored products including oral health products.

The event started at 11a.m. on the 21st. We were honored to have President of the Malaysian Dental Association (MDA), Dr Lee Soon Boon to officiate this memorable event. After the opening ceremony, we had song performance from student band Carcinoma. Then it was time for the participants to visit the booths. To get the crowd all hyped up, 10 lucky draw prizes were given out during each day. There were also dance performances by students from different faculties to entertain the crowd.


Oral Health Week 2010 was a success as not only the IMU community benefited by gaining more oral health related knowledge, dental students too gained valuable experience in teamwork, communication skills, and providing oral health education. It was also a time for dental seniors to bond with the juniors as we all worked together to make this event a success. Looking at all the benefits this event brought us, we hope for a bigger and better event in the following years to come, targeting a larger population.

The goodies bags

Dental students explaining their information to the participants














The crowd











Group Picture














Reported by,
Nga Joo Yong
Secretary of Oral Health Week Committee

The 36TH Asia Pasific Dental Students Association Congress 2009 by Chong Jun Ai

How would you feel if you had the opportunity to spend 5 days and 4 nights with 400 dental students from all over Asia Pacific, namely Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Cambodia, Thailand and Malaysia at a resort next to the beach in Penang?

WOW! COOL! EXCITING!. I certainly had an amazing time during the 36th Asia Pacific Dental Students Association Congress last August. Hence, I would really love to share my experience with you and hopefully, this year, we can book half an airplane to head down to Japan for the congress this year.

Now, picture travelling to 8 countries in one night! That is how I felt during the Cultural Night. You can see people dressed in kimonos, hanbok, cheongsam, baju kebaya exchanging souvenirs from their countries (Yes, I am a proud owner of a basketful of goodies-japanese paper fans, iconic keychains etc!). Throughout the whole dinner, each country took turns to perform traditional dances, songs and drama. It is fun to share a table with someone who can speak Thai or live behind Mount Fuji, so different culturally but yet we share something in common- dentistry! Another great night was Tropical Night where we dressed up in beach clothes and partied!


Besides that, I had the opportunity to show our beautiful country to my friends and share our famous Penang food at Gurney drive during the city tour. It is delightful to see their satisfied faces as they savor the char kuey teow! We also had a telematch session where we battled it out, hopping around in gunny sacks and catching water balloons.


I proceeded to attend the Annual General Meeting (AGM) and had to miss out on the community service slot where a group of dental students visited a school to give oral health education which was held simultaneously. At the AGM, issues pertaining to the association were discussed such as feedback of the current congress, updates on the mid year meeting and bidding of the host country for the 2011 congress. The Executive committee was also elected of which I was selected to be the General Secretary 2009/2010.


Most importantly, I had the opportunity to gather precious
gems of knowledge from top notch speakers during the seminar session. Moreover, I did a poster presentation on the Oral Health Awareness of the Students and Staff at our university in the Scientific Research Competition. I am very thankful for the guidance from Prof Toh Chooi Gait and Associate Professor Dr Seow Liang Lin.


Lastly, the wonderful moments of the congress do not end after 5 days because it is actually the beginning of a great friendship. I am still in contact with my friends from the dental universities in Malaysia and I enjoy meeting up with them at Malaysian Dental Association (MDA) events. Dr Seow once told me that there were 2 things that she most enjoyed during her university days and one of them is APDSA. I certainly agree with her!

Senior Junior Meeting 2010

On the 8th of March, we had a welcoming party to welcome our new batch juniors, DT110 batch. The evening kicked-start with an ice-breaking game whereby juniors and seniors are divided into three groups each, respectively.




Group members were to introduce themselves before the start of the game. Each person is given a newspaper in hand. The game requires one person to be the middle man who uses the newspaper to hit a junior when his/her name is called aloud by a senior member. Each game session proceeded for 15 minutes before seniors are assigned to join another junior group.
After the game, a slide show regarding to “Buddy System” was shown on the screen. The show included description and photos of each senior and junior had an opportunity to identify their “Buddy” by using the tags distributed earlier.



Before the end of the evening, refreshments were served for the juniors and seniors. There were a lot of mingling going on between seniors and juniors. The event was considered a success in hope that both batches could harvest a good relationship in coming years.





As the organizer of the event, I would like to express my utmost gratitude to Mae Yee and Chong Dee’s efforts as part of the organizer too. Thanks to Ji Min who designed the nice and cute drawing to juniors and seniors. I also want to thank juniors who came that day. I also appreciated the help of DT109 batch for arranging the chairs and sending their description before the deadline. Thanks again for a huge success due to the efforts.



photos credit to AZURA (DT109)
report by KAI SHANG(DT109)

Oral Health Target Groups : Pregnant and Nursing Mothers

Why do pregnant / nursing mothers make a good target group for oral health education?
What reasons would you give a pregnant mother for stopping smoking?


Pregnant women are generally very receptive to information and keen to do their best for their health and their babies. However, some pregnant mothers are not regular dental attenders and may only come during their pregnancy for the sake of their children. We, as oral health educators need to help patients develop an effective oral health routine and habits, to which they can continue as their families grow.

photo credits : Go with the Flo

In pregnant and nursing mothers, an increased risk of caries and tooth erosion can result from morning sickness.Susceptibility to caries increases during pregnancy due to cravings (often sweet foods), frequent snacking and larger appetite (as they are eating for two), and nausea or disliking the taste of toothpaste which could lead to less frequent toothbrushing.

Also, there will be an increased risk of gingival problems in pregnant patents due to pregnancy gingivitis as there is an exaggerated response to dental plaque due to increased hormonal activity. Pregnant women may complain of bleeding on brushing, spontaneous bleeding and halitosis. We, as dental professionals should look for certain signs of pregnancy gingivitis :

1. Increased tendency for gums to bleed on gentle probing
2. Gingiva - blue-red, shiny, swollen and smooth (due to increased vascular activity)
3. Pregnancy epulis (localised area of swollen interdental papilla)

Periondontal disease during pregnancy can lead to pre-term labour, premature birth and low birth weight. Growth of the baby can be impaired if the immune system is also dealing with periondontal infection.

Smoking during pregnancy will compromise the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin (due to carbon monoxide from cigarette smoke) and also contibutes to stickier plaque formation and dries the mouth. Therefore, pregant women are advised to quit smoking. Not only that, smoking during pregnancy can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, premature membrane rupture and foetal growth restriction. Emphasize that once the baby is born, a smoke-free environment should be provided whenever possible.

Reference : Basic Guide to Oral Health Education and Promotion by Ann Felton, Alison Chapman and Simon Felton

Launch of 1malaysia MDA-GSK oral health Awareness campaign

1Malaysia MDA-GSK Oral Health Awareness Campaign Programme
Date: Sunday, February 28th 2010.
Venue: Tropicana city mall, main atrium, ground floor.

12.30pm arrival of Y.B. Dato' Sri Liow Tiong Lai, Minister of Health Malaysia

12.35pm welcome address by Dr How Kim Chuan, Organising Chairman of 1Malaysia MDA-GSK Oral Health Awareness Campaign

12.40pm Speech by Akhil Chandra, Vice President &General Manager, South Asia, GSK Consumer Healthcare

12.45pm Speech by Dr. Lee Soon Boon, President, MDA

12.50pm Speech by Y.B. Dato'Sri Liow Tiong Lai, Minister of Health Malaysia1.00pm Launch of 1Malaysia MDA-GSK Oral Health Awareness Campaign

1.05pm Presentation of Mementos

1.15pm VVIP walkabout - tour around the activities booth

1.25pm Press conference.


Aim: Endeavour to enhance awareness on good oral health to the public
Highlights: GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Sdn Bhd (GSK), a healthcare organisation with leading brands for the relief of sensitive teeth and denture care, is working with the Malaysian Dental Association (MDA) and ministry of health to raise awareness on oral health.


Kuala Lumpur, 28 February 2010 - GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Sdn Bhd (GSK), a healthcare organisation with leading brands for the relief of sensitive teeth and denture care, is working with the malaysian dnetal assocation (MDA) and ministry of health to raise awareness on oral health.


Entitled '1 Malaysia MDA-GSK Oral Health Awareness Campaign'. The inaugural event was launched by Y.B Dato'Sri Liow Tiong Lai, Miniser of Health Malaysia at the Tropicana City Mall. Also present at the launch were Akhil Chandra, GSK Vice President and general manager, South Asia; Dr Lee Soon Boon, President of Malaysian Dental Association and Dr How Kim Chuan, President Elect of Malaysian Dental Association.


Y.B Dato' sri Liow Tiong Lai in his speech, congratulated Malaysian Dental Association and GSK for initiating the awareness campaign and lauded the efforts of all parties in organising the event for the benefit of the public.


"This campaign is in line with the Ministry of Health's objective to raise awareness of good oral health amongst Malaysians across the country. Good oral health is more than just strong healthy teeth. It also contributes to enhancing the self-esteem and confidence of individuals. However, only 6 percent of the Malaysian population see a dentist. And this is one of the reasons why there's a high incidence of dental ailments in Malaysia. The public will benefit in the long run with better oral health education and awareness via events such as this, "said Y.AB Daro' Sri Liow.


There were also dentists from UKM and nurses to provide free dental check ups for the public.


Sensodyne and polident, explained hypersensitivity to the public.


Akhil Chandra said "about 50% of the adult population in Malaysia have either sensitive teeth or is a denture wearer. However, public awareness on both of these oral conditions is limited. Thus, it makes good sense for the company through its best-selling brands - sensodyne and polident, to give full support to the initiative of promoting good oral health among the public. and we are proud to be working with the MDA and Ministry of Health in this initiative,"


Dr Lee said, "for many years, the MDA being the national voice for dentistry has organised many activities and public campaigns to advance and promote optimal oral health as an essential component of general health. Indeed, MDA is very honoured that the Honourable Minister of Health Malaysia Yang Berhormat Dato Sri Liow Tiong Lai has taken special interest to support this initiative for the betterment of oral health of the "rakyat Malaysia". The MDA is also grateful to have the support from socially responsible consumer healthcare corporation, GSK in making this event a success."




from left to right Akhil Chandra, Dr Kim How Chuan, Liow tiong Lai, Dr Lee Soon Boon, and YBhg Dato' Dr Norain Abu Talib (Principal Director of Oral Health, Ministry of Health of Malaysia).

THE MOUTH MONOLOGUES

The tooth has two anatomical parts. The crown of a tooth is that part of the tooth which is covered with enamel and this is the part usually visible in the mouth. The root is the part embedded in the jaw. It anchors the tooth in its bony socket and is normally not visible.

Enamel The hard outer layer of the crown. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body.

Dentine Not as hard as enamel, forms the bulk of the tooth and can be sensitive if the protection of the enamel is lost.

Pulp Soft tissue containing the blood and nerve supply to the tooth. The pulp extends from the crown to the tip of the root.

Cementum The layer of bone-like tissue covering the root. It is not as hard as enamel.

Structures around the tooth~~

Periodontal ligament: Made up of thousands of fibres which fasten the cementum to the bony socket. These fibres anchor the tooth to the jaw bone and act as shock absorbers for the tooth which is subjected to heavy forces during chewing.

Gingivae (gums): Soft tissue that immediately surrounds the teeth and bone. It protects the bone and the roots of the teeth and provides an easily lubricated surface.

Bone: Provides a socket to surround and support the roots of the teeth.

Nerves and blood supply: Each tooth and periodontal ligament has a nerve supply and the teeth are sensitive to a wide variety of stimuli. The blood supply is necessary to maintain the vitality of the tooth.

TYPES OF TEETH

In the human mouth there are 4 different types of teeth, each specialized for different functions. There are also 2 sets of teeth: the first, also called milk or deciduous teeth- usually erupt over a period from the age of about 6 months to 3 years.

For more information on human dentition, please view the video from the link here :)

Oral Health Committee List

President: Chong Jun Ai

Vice President: Cha Ji Min

Secretary : Natalie Ng

Treasurer: Khoo Chong Dee

Liason Officer: Joyce Chieng

Asst : Vincent Lee Han Hing

Welfare Officer: Chin Meng Yean

Asst: Yan Choong Hoe

Publicity Officer: Candice Liong Ying Yin

Asst: Leong Suet Yen

Funding Officer: Jamie Chew Kwai Yee

Asst: Joyce Chin

Academic Officer: Pook Kei Li

Asst: Nga Joo Yong

Front row (Left-right) : Joyce Chieng, Jun Ai, Candice, Suet Yen, Jamie, Joyce Chin, Kei Li Back row (Left-right) : Natalie, Ji Min, Vincent, Alex, Chong Dee, Meng Yean, Joo Yong

BE PROUD AS A DENTAL STUDENTS!

This will be the place we dental students share to you about our learning progress in IMU~~~ enjoy the journey........

Important links:
1. Malaysian Dental Association (http://www.mda.org.my/)
2. International Association of Dental Students (http://www.iads-web.org/)
3. Asia Pacific Dental Students Association (http://www.apdsa.com/)

DENTAL TEXTBOOKS (YEAR 1)

Foundation 1 (Dental) :

1) Netter's Head & Neck Anatomy For Dentistry by Neil S. Norton
Must have for all dental students as head and neck anatomy is crucial to us. Some might find this book not THAT useful, but this book has all the theory and facts plus the best possible illustrations to help fill the gaps in knowledge. However in terms of illustrations you may find that some pictures are a little too small for you to identify essential structures. Hence you may want to refer to the larger Netter's Atlas of anatomy. There is only one copy in the library.

http://www.netterimages.com/

2) Anatomy of Orofacial structures by Brand and Isselhard
This is a book that greatly simplifies Dental anatomy. It is the exact book that Dr Zeinab uses for getting her images. It has all the necessary features of a tooth written out in essay form like a commentary and the best illustrations of a tooth where you will be able to identify each external feature clearly. There is a summary section at the back of the book complete with pictures for each tooth. Those should be enough to help you identify each tooth. There is only one copy in the library.

3) Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy
Nice to have but not really necessary to buy. Its advantages are that it shows the different variations of each tooth. However, some might find it time consuming to have to read through each long commentary of the tooth to search for important features. There are two copies available in the library.

4) Dental Embryology, Histology And Anatomy by Mary Bath-Balogh & Margaret J. Fehrenbach
Some people might find the anatomy section of this book interesting as it is easy to understand. There are not a lot of details here, but it is sufficient for understanding. This is a great book to start off dental studies .


Foundation 2 (Dental) :

1. Ten Cate's Oral Histology: Development, Structure, and Function
A book that will be your bible to oral histology. It has all the essential facts required by dental students during exams or PBLs. Prof Khoo likes to use some of these for OSPE and for her PBLs. However it may appear to be a little to deep at first to understand the subject matter. Hence you may want to refer to another book (Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology a clinical approach) before diving into the deep.

2. Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology: A Clinical Approach by Avery JK & Chiego DJ
An alternative book to Ten Cate. It is a simplistic and easier approach to oral histology with ample multicoloured illustrations to interest you. Prof Khoo has used quite a number of pictures from this book in her PBLs and lectures. Very straight forward with most but not all the essential stuff you need to know.

3. Essential Microbiology for Dentistry by Samaranayake L, Chuchill Livingstone
This book is used to study about oral biofilm.

4. Essentials of Dental Caries by Kidd EAM, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Very brief and simple book for caries. Simple and easy to understand.

5. Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiology by Whaites E, Livingstone





**__** The books mentioned above are just recommendations by lecturers and students. Before buying any books, it is best to go to the library and browse through some of the books there to see which suit you more. There are absolutely no right or wrong books to buy, so remember to make good choices!

MEDICAL TEXTBOOKS(FOUNDATION)

Foundation 1 (Medical) :

1. Pearson Human Anatomy and Physiology by Marieb and Hoehn.
Most of the pictures and texts from the notes are extracted from this book. This book will teach you what you need to know, but it is not adequate and doesn’t explain thoroughly for further learning. Get it if you don't want to borrow from library as it's always "not available". This book is a must have as this will be your bible throughout Semester 1. It makes understanding the medical lecture notes slightly better.

2. Principles of Anatomy & Physiology, 10th Edition (Tortora, Grabowski)
Some might love this book more than Marieb as it is more complete and has more details, but unfortunately it less preferred by the lecturers. You can have this if you want; rest assured it covers the same topics as Marieb, just with better details, so it is pretty suitable for foundation 1 & 2. The illustrations are better too.

3. Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy.
Excellent for anatomy, with nice hand drawn illustration with full details and labels. Useful for OSPE. It’s really good for anatomy, even when u go to Sem 3 4 5 etc. However, this is a book that you need not necessarily buy because you can freely borrow from the library as there are many copies available.

4. Harper's illustrated biochemistry.
You only need this book for 4 lectures or so. The notes cover the topic adequately. So, don't bother unless you are keen to learn more on biochemistry or having trouble understanding the topics.

5. Moore Dalley Clinically oriented Anatomy.
More detailed than Marieb in anatomy but lacks physiology. However it includes some important clinical scenario in respect to the systems that we are going to learn. Do not really recommend it because the way it is presented is not according to our lectures.

6.Lange's Review of Medical Physiology (Ganong)
Excellent book for studying physiology even in Sem 3,4,5, very detailed and up-to-date physiology book. It pretty much covers what Marieb has missed, good for PBL too! However, this book will cause information overload for dental student.

7.Medical dictionary .
Dorland's or Oxford's. Both are fine. Useful in Foundation 1 as you will initially have trouble understanding medial terms. But it is not necessarily a must have.











Foundation 2 (Medical) :

1. Pathologic Basis of Disease 7th Edition- Kumar (Papa Patho)

The medical students are recommended to buy this book, but for us dental students, it is complicated and has too much information than we are required to know. Mama patho is more than enough if you want more info.

2. Basic Pathology 8th Edition- Kumar (Mama Patho)

A must buy for studying pathology; it gives enough explanation of pathophysiology of the diseases, macro and microscopic picture of specimen, very useful for sem 3-5 too! Though some might think the notes are enough for us dental students, it is important for us to understand the whole idea of pathology and therefore, this book serves as a very important supplement. I recommend students to get this book because there is absolutely no harm learning more. Medical science has a strong relation to dentistry, more than you know, so get this book! You will understand pathology much better.

3. Medical Microbiology- Mims

Only a few lecturers like Dr Sushela Devi use this book for her notes. Some pages from this book are mentioned in lecture notes, so you might need to refer to this book. It is colourful and interesting to read but unfortunately, we do not need so much detail in microbiology as we only learn it in foundation 2 only. Borrow from the library if you have trouble understanding or get other books ie Review of Medical Microbiology 9th Edition -Levinson

4. Review of Medical Microbiology 9th Edition- Levinson

Some students bought this book as it is very good for microbiology. Straight forward and has all sorts of bacteria, viruses, fungi. It also has a good summary behind which is useful for exams

5. Basic Immunology 2nd Edition- Abbas

Only need for sem 2, so just borrow from library or photostat it. It is a good book for immunology and Prof Ammu gets her notes and pictures from here. But her notes are very sufficient and easy to understand. Immunology is less dull when you read this book but you don’t have to get it.

6. Macleod’s Clinical Examination- Douglas

It is important to get a clinical examination handbook as guide in CSU. CSU recommends Macleods as a must have for all students. It is easy to understand, has good illustrations and straight to the point.

7. Clinical Examination- Talley –

MUST BUY THIS OR MACLEODThis book is more detailed than Macleod, but Macleod is sufficient. But getting this book has its own advantage because it gives better and more explanation behind the clinical examination that we are taught. However, it has fewer illustrations than Macleod’s.

8. Atlas of Medically Important Parasites- Prof Mak

DENTAL STUDENTS do not learn so much about parasites, but it has many pictures of parasites that might ease further learning in parasitology. There is no harm getting this atlas, but it might not serve as a good purpose as parasitology is not an important component in dentistry. We are only required to have a basic idea on parasitology only.

9. Medical Microbiology made Ridiculously Simple –

It is very organised and summarized, and recommended by seniors as well. But to not rely on this book alone. It only serves to help with your memory.

10. Pharmacology

There is no need to buy any books for pharmacology as the notes are adequate. However, if you have trouble understanding the drugs, you can search for a green pharmaco book in the library.

For better understanding of drugs used in dentistry, you can go to Kamal’s and try search for a pharmacology for dental student book.